Elma Yetiştiriciliği Nasıl Yapılır?

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Ülkemiz dünyada elma yetiştiriciliği açısından diğer dünya ülkelerinin başında gelmektedir. Elma yetiştiren kişinin elma çeşidini seçmekte kullanacağı ilke pazar değerinin yüksek kaliteli ve verimli olacak elma çeşidini bulabilmektir. Elma bahçesinden iyi ürün almak isteyen yetiştirici karıştırma işlemini iyi bilmelidir. Karıştırma işleminde dikkat etmesi gereken bazı hususlar vardır. Birbirleriyle tozlaşacak olan çeşitlerin melezlenmesinde kesinlikle kısırlık bulanmamalıdır. Birbirleriyle tozlaşacak olan çeşitlerde verimin en çok artacağı kombinler yapılmalıdır. Birbirleriyle tozlaştırılacak olan çeşitlerin çiçeklenme zamanları da aynı olmalıdır. Tozlamayı sağlamaya yetecek miktarda arı bulundurulmalıdır.

Elma yetiştiriciliğinde çok büyük önem arz eden durumlardan birisi ise anaç seçimidir. Her anaç farklı ortamda büyümeye elverişlidir. Bu sebeple yetiştirici bulunduğu ortamın şartlarını en iyi şekilde gözden geçirmeli ve buna göre uygun anacı seçmelidir.

Her bitki gibi elmanın da belli toprak istekleri vardır. Kurak bölge topraklarında nemli bölge topraklarına göre daha seçici olan elma ağacı için en uygun toprak ise kireç oranı düşük, organik madde değeri yüksek toprakları sever. Ayrıca soğuk iklimlere çok dayanıklı olan elma ağaçları -35 derecelik soğuğa bile dayanabilmektedir.
Elma ağacı dikilecek bölgenin böceklerden ve hastalıklardan arındırılmış olması gerekmektedir. Bahçeye göre bir harita çizilip yetiştiricilikte ayrılacak bölgeler bu haritaya detaylı olarak geçirilmelidir. Çok şiddetli kış geçirmeyen bölgelerde dikim güzün yapılmalıdır.

Fidanları tek çift ve ya üçlü şekilde dikmek iyidir. Ama çok büyük işler yapanlarca tekli sıraların kullanılması daha iyidir. Sulama seçenekleri olarak damlama sulama ve ya mini spring sulama tercih edilmelidir. Elmada en ağır olan hastalıklardan biri elma iç kurdu bir diğeri ise elma kara leke hastalığıdır. Erken hasat yapılırsa lezzet ve tat tam olarak yerleşmediği için hoş bir elma ortaya çıkmaz.
 

Rafaelwal

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Steventaddy

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Steventaddy

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Wayneoricy

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